Lot 2026/02 · Krause Analytical · reported 13 May 2026 . The bar shows where the reported result falls against Astramide’s published release criterion. The notch marks the criterion.
Within criterionAbove criterionNot on this COA
Test
Method
Criterion
Result
Result vs criterion
Status
Identity
HPLC-UV-MS
Mass spectral match to the labelled compound
Confirmed
WITHIN SPEC
Chromatographic purity
HPLC-UV/MS
at or above 98.0%
99.4 %
95at or above 98.0%100
WITHIN SPEC
Net content
HPLC-UV-MS
10.1 mg
80120
REPORTED
Endotoxin
LAL, USP <85>
below 0.5 EU/mL
<0.5 EU/mL
WITHIN SPEC
Values are reported per vial or bottle unless otherwise noted. Every figure here is taken from the batch Certificate of Analysis and nothing else.
Short open reading frame within the mitochondrial 12S rRNA gene (MT-RNR1)
Primary molecular target
No single cell-surface receptor has been identified for MOTS-c. Published studies link it to inhibition of the folate cycle and de novo purine synthesis, with AICAR accumulation and AMPK activation, and to AMPK-dependent translocation to the nucleus under metabolic stress.
MOTS-c is a linear 16-amino-acid peptide (Met-Arg-Trp-Gln-Glu-Met-Gly-Tyr-Ile-Phe-Tyr-Pro-Arg-Lys-Leu-Arg) encoded by a short open reading frame within the mitochondrial 12S rRNA gene, MT-RNR1. It belongs to the mitochondrial-derived peptide family. The sequence contains two methionine residues, aromatic tryptophan, tyrosine and phenylalanine residues, and a basic C-terminal Arg-Lys-Leu-Arg segment.
MOTS-c is a 16-amino-acid peptide encoded within the mitochondrial genome rather than the nuclear genome. Its discovery study reported that it inhibited the folate cycle and the linked de novo purine synthesis pathway, which led to AICAR accumulation and AMPK activation in cell models and mouse skeletal muscle (Lee et al., 2015).
Later work showed that MOTS-c moved to the nucleus during metabolic stress in an AMPK-dependent manner, where it interacted with transcription factors including NRF2 and influenced the expression of antioxidant response element genes (Kim et al., 2018).
A further study measured endogenous MOTS-c levels in human skeletal muscle and plasma after exercise, and examined physical capacity measures in mice of different ages given MOTS-c (Reynolds et al., 2021). Together these studies describe MOTS-c as a mitochondrial-encoded signaling peptide rather than a classical receptor ligand.
These are published research systems. They do not describe approved clinical applications, and they do not establish efficacy or safety in humans.
Cited literature
Lee C et al., 2015. The mitochondrial-derived peptide MOTS-c promotes metabolic homeostasis and reduces obesity and insulin resistance. Cell Metab. PMID 25738459. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25738459/
Kim KH et al., 2018. The Mitochondrial-Encoded Peptide MOTS-c Translocates to the Nucleus to Regulate Nuclear Gene Expression in Response to Metabolic Stress. Cell Metab. PMID 29983246. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29983246/
Reynolds JC et al., 2021. MOTS-c is an exercise-induced mitochondrial-encoded regulator of age-dependent physical decline and muscle homeostasis. Nat Commun. PMID 33473109. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33473109/
Evidence level
The mechanistic evidence for MOTS-c comes from cell, metabolomic and mouse-model studies, with human data limited to measurements of endogenous peptide levels. No single receptor has been established. Statements on this page describe experimental systems, not outcomes in humans.
Handling and storage
As supplied
Lyophilized powder in a sealed vial. Held in laboratory-rated freezers from arrival to shipment.
Storage
Store per the conditions printed on the vial label. Avoid heat, moisture and repeated temperature cycling.
Handling
For qualified professionals in controlled laboratory environments, following validated laboratory procedures.
Lot 2026/02 was analysed by Krause Analytical and returned chromatographic purity of 99.4% by HPLC with UV detection coupled to mass spectrometry. Identity was confirmed by mass spectral match. The full certificate is published on this page, and every figure shown here is taken from it.
How much MOTS-c is in the vial?
The laboratory measured 10.1 mg against a 10 mg label claim, which is 100.8% of label. Net content is reported on a per-vial basis. Astramide publishes the measured figure rather than the label claim, whether it falls above or below.
Was this MOTS-c batch tested for endotoxins?
Yes. Endotoxin testing was performed using the Limulus Amebocyte Lysate assay in accordance with USP <85>, and this batch returned <0.5 EU/mL. The result appears on the certificate published on this page.
How should MOTS-c be stored for research use?
As supplied, the lyophilized powder should be held at -20°C and protected from light and moisture. Once reconstituted, store at 2-8°C and use within 14 to 30 days. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles and follow the handling procedures appropriate to your laboratory.
What is the difference between research-grade and pharmaceutical-grade MOTS-c?
These are separate classifications. Research-grade material is supplied for laboratory research use only and is not intended for human or animal consumption. Pharmaceutical-grade is an FDA classification that applies to drugs manufactured for human use. Astramide supplies research-grade material only.
How can I verify this MOTS-c certificate independently?
The certificate was issued by Krause Analytical under lot 2026/02, laboratory reference 205085. Quote that reference to the laboratory directly. The same document is published here in full, and is not summarised or reformatted by Astramide.
Research use only
This product is intended strictly for in-vitro laboratory research conducted by qualified professionals.
It is not intended for human or animal consumption, clinical use, or therapeutic application.
The statements on this page have not been reviewed by the FDA. These research peptides are not intended
to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. Research Use Only.
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Every Astramide batch is tested by an independent US lab. The report goes public before the batch goes on sale, so you can check the numbers first.
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Full report published before it goes on sale
Kept frozen, shipped from Austin, Texas
GLP-3RLot 2026/02 · May 8, 2026
>99.9%purity by HPLC-UV/MS
90%Minimum 98.0%100%
Identity: Confirmed by mass specEndotoxin: Below 0.5 EU/mL
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